Therapeutic Role of Proximol and Lasilactone in rat model of renal stress

Background: High salt intake induces renal-stress. The present study was carried out to examine the therapeutic effects of proximol[Halfa bar extract], lasilactonedrug[Spironolactone+Furosemide] and their combination on renal-stressed rats

Material and Methods: Thirty five male rats were used and divided into five groups. The first group served as negative control and received fresh tap water orally for four weeks. The animals in the other four groups drank hypertonic saline solution [2% NaCl] as a sole source of drinking water for four weeks to induce the animal model of renal stress. Then the renal-stressed rats were further divided into: positive control, renal-stressed rats treated daily with proximol [7.8 mg/kg b.wt], renal-stressed rats treated daily with lasilactone [3.9 mg/kg b.wt], and renal- stressed rats treated daily with a combination of proximol and lasilactone for four weeks. The levels of aldosterone, sodium, potassium, calcium, urea, uric acid and creatinine were measured in the sera of rats. Nitric oxide [NO], reduced glutathione [GSH] and lipid peroxidation [MDA] levels were also measured in the homogenate of renal tissue

Results: In the renal-stressed group, there was a significant increase in levels of aldosterone, sodium, calcium, urea, uric acid, NO and MDA and a significant decrease in potassium and GSH as compared to control group. Although the treatment of renal stressed rats with proximol, lasilactone and their combination reduced the increased level of aldosterone induced in renal stressed rats, aldosterone level was still higher than the control value. In addition, the treatment with proximol, lasilactone and their combination restored the significant increase in sodium, NO and lipid peroxidation to non significant changes as compared to control group. Also the decreased levels of GSH induced in renal-stressed rats returned to non significant changes. However, potassium decreased significantly below the control and the model groups with the combined treatment. Furthermore, treatment with proximol, lasilactone and their combination reduced the elevated levels of uric acid and urea induced by hypertonic saline solution to control- like values in the case of uric acid and to a significant decrease in the case of urea

Conclusion: In conclusion, proximol, lasilactone and their combination have an effective role in ameliorating the changes in the levels of aldosterone, serum electrolytes, oxidative stress and consequently the disturbance in kidney functions in renal-stressed rats induced by hypertonic saline solution

Effects of aging and anti-aging hormones on the kidney, the thyroid functions and the histology of the testis of male albino rats

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of aging and anti-aging hormones on the kidney, the thyroid and the testis of aged male albino rats from the physiological and histological points of view. Thirty five male rats were used in the present study. They were allocated into five groups. The first group [5 months old] served as control group and the other remaining groups are [18 months old]. The second group 1 ml/kg b.w. corn oil intramuscular injection through a period of two weeks. The third group received 2mg/kg b.w. of melatonin hormone orally daily for two weeks. The fourth group received 0.57 mg/kg b.w. of testosterone hormone via intramuscular injection through two weeks. The fifth group received the same dose of both hormones [Melatonin and Testosterone] for two weeks. Some biochemical parameters of the kidney, the thyroid and histological structure of the testis were examined. The untreated aged group showed insignificant change in urea level with highly significant decrease in creatinine, T[3] and T[4] hormones levels. The melatonin treated group showed significant decrease in urea level with highly significant decrease in creatinine, T[3] and T[4] hormones. The testosterone treated group showed highly significant increase in urea, T[3] and T[4] hormones and highly significant decrease in creatinine level. Whereas, fifth group showed significant decrease in urea accompanied with a highly significant decrease in creatinine and highly significant increase in T[3] with a significant increase in T[4]. The histological changes induced by aging and anti-aging hormones included intertubular haemorrhage, odematous areas present between the seminiferous tubules. The interstitial tissue was degenerated. The degenerated seminiferous tubules revealed maturation arrest in late-stage spermatides. In conclusion, aging and anti-aging hormones administration into adult male rats exerts a clear effect on the kidney and the thyroid functions and on the testicular structure. On the other hand, amelioration in T3 and T4 serum level was found in anti-aging treated rats compared with untreated aged rats

Haematological and biochemical changes induced by amaranth impact on male albino rats

The present investigation was performed to study the effect of daily administration [interperitoneal injection] of synthetic coloring agent amaranth at dose 50 mg /kg b.w. /day for two periods [7 and 21 days], using male albino rats. The effects of amaranth on growth, haematological and some biochemical parameters were examined throughout the study. The results revealed that amaranth treatment cause a marked change in treated groups when compared with control. They showed a significant decrease in percentage of body weight change, RBCs count, Hb concentration and HCT value, while, they recorded a significant increase in WBCs, serum activity of AST and ALP, in addition to serum urea and creatinine levels in treated rats. But ALT and bilirubin showed insignificant changes throughout the experiment

HLA analysis of immune responders in human schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis is a serious global helminthic disease, in which the main immunopathology consists of a granulomatous and fibrosing reaction tissue - trapped parasite eggs. In schistosomiasis mansoni, the pathogenesis of hepatosplenic disease has been shown to be due to immune mechanisms. The present study was designed to examine the relationship between the susceptibility versus resistance in schistosomiasis mansoni and the HLA antigens. Two groups were examined: susceptible group to reinfection [83 patients] and resistant group [27 subjects]. The present results showed that the susceptibility was positively associated with the presence of the HLA-B5 and negatively associated with HLA-B39 and HLA-DR14. These findings represent a step toward elucidating the factors controlling the pathogenic mechanisms in human schistosomiasis mansoni

Sodium barbital induced biochemical, histological and histochemical changes in the liver of albino mouse

The present work was planned to assess and evaluate some physiological parameters, histopathological and histochemical impacts of sodium barbital on the liver of adult male albino mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups, the first group served as a control group, while the other two groups were treated with the therapeutic dose [60 mg/kg b.wt., i.p.] for 7 days [short-term group] and 21 days [long-term group] as repeated daily doses. Biochemical analysis showed a significant increase in serum glucose level [hyperglycaemia], AST, ALT and bilirubin, in all treated groups. Also, total lipids and triglycerides showed a significant increase in the long-term group and non significant change in the short-term group. On the other hand, alkaline phosphatase ALP, showed a significant decrease in both treated groups. Total cholesterol level showed a significant decrease in the short-term group but exhibited a significant increase in the long-term group. The results obtained from the present study showed marked alterations in the liver tissue. Histopathological changes in liver tissue were congestion of the central veins, wedening of the blood sinusoids, activation of the phagocytic ktipffer cells and cytoplasmic degeneration [fatty and hydropic] with nuclear lesions. Histochemical changes in liver tissue revealed depletion of polysaccharides and total proteins in both short-term and long-term groups. So these results came to conclusion that barbiturates should be prohibited and carefully used specially when prescribed as tranquilizer